Semax

Description

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the 4–7 fragment of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It has been approved in Russia for the treatment of ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and cognitive disorders, and is widely used as a nootropic. Semax’s most notable property is its ability to dramatically upregulate BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) — by up to 400% in animal models — making it one of the most potent BDNF-enhancing agents known. BDNF is critical for neuroplasticity, memory consolidation, and neuroprotection. Semax also has neuroprotective effects in ischemia models, reduces oxidative stress in neural tissue, and has demonstrated anti-depressant and anxiolytic properties in addition to its cognitive-enhancing effects.

Key Characteristics

Investigated Benefits

• Enhanced memory and learning
• Increased BDNF expression
• Neuroprotection after stroke/TBI
• Improved focus and concentration
• Mood enhancement

* Benefits based on preclinical/animal research unless otherwise noted.

Mechanism of Action

Semax’s primary mechanism involves activation of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. It upregulates BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex through mechanisms involving CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) activation and histone acetylation at the BDNF promoter. Elevated BDNF then activates TrkB receptors, triggering PI3K/Akt (cell survival), MAPK/ERK (synaptic plasticity), and PLCγ (calcium signaling) pathways that support long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation. Semax also activates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, contributing to improved focus, mood, and working memory. Its neuroprotective effects in ischemia involve reduction of oxidative stress (upregulation of SOD and catalase), inhibition of apoptotic pathways, and promotion of angiogenesis in ischemic tissue. Intranasal administration provides rapid CNS delivery through olfactory nerve pathways, with peak CNS concentrations within 30 minutes.

Reconstitution Guide

Available as nasal spray. Injectable: add 1 mL bacteriostatic water per mg.

Research Highlights

1. 1Approved in Russia for ischemic stroke and TBI
2. 2BDNF upregulation up to 400% in animal models
3. 3Phase II trials completed in Russia for cognitive disorders

Compatible Peptides

Peptides commonly used alongside Semax for synergistic effects.